（文章來源：青島日(ri)報）

　　數據(ju)是數字經濟(ji)時代的(de)“石油”，儲存海量(liang)信息的(de)公共(gong)(gong)數據(ju)是一座“富(fu)礦”。2022年10月28日，青島“試水”公共(gong)(gong)數據(ju)運營(ying)，發布實施(shi)《青島市公共(gong)(gong)數據(ju)運營(ying)試點突(tu)破攻堅方(fang)案》，引發廣泛(fan)關注。

　　什么(me)是公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)？它跟政(zheng)務(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)有區別嗎？公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)涵(han)蓋范圍(wei)更廣(guang)，不僅包括(kuo)政(zheng)務(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，還包括(kuo)很多行業(ye)平臺、互聯(lian)網平臺等在提供(gong)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)(wu)過程(cheng)中收集(ji)、產生的涉及公(gong)共(gong)利益(yi)的各類(lei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)。比如(ru)，在水電煤氣、交通(tong)等公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)(wu)中制作或獲取的信(xin)息(xi)記錄，就屬于(yu)公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)。將(jiang)公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)開(kai)放出(chu)來，供(gong)社(she)會(hui)開(kai)發(fa)利用，有利于(yu)釋放數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)能量，激發(fa)創新活力，為經濟發(fa)展賦能，為社(she)會(hui)治理增效，這是當前的共(gong)識。2020年國務(wu)(wu)院《政(zheng)府工(gong)作報(bao)告》首(shou)次提到(dao)“培育數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)市場”。2021年，國家(jia)“十(shi)四五”規劃綱(gang)要指出(chu)，加強公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)開(kai)放共(gong)享(xiang)，開(kai)展政(zheng)府數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)授(shou)權運營試點。山東省也(ye)發(fa)出(chu)通(tong)知，探索公(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)授(shou)權運營、有償使(shi)用等新模式。

　　讓公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)“活”起來(lai)，要(yao)(yao)保障數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的供給和(he)開(kai)發，更好服務(wu)社會民生。從(cong)全國(guo)來(lai)看，“體制機制不(bu)夠健全”“創新應用(yong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)不(bu)強”“數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)壁(bi)壘依然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)”等(deng)問題一直是公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)開(kai)放和(he)運營(ying)的“攔(lan)路虎”。這(zhe)些因素也導致，明(ming)(ming)明(ming)(ming)守著(zhu)一座(zuo)“富礦(kuang)”，卻難(nan)以充分(fen)挖掘。不(bu)過，在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)運營(ying)方面(mian)，青島已在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)多方面(mian)走在(zai)(zai)(zai)了(le)前(qian)頭(tou)。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)2012年(nian)，青島就率先在(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)東(dong)省開(kai)展公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)匯(hui)聚、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享和(he)開(kai)放工作。2020年(nian)12月，青島上(shang)線并(bing)演示了(le)全國(guo)首個公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)服務(wu)平(ping)臺，并(bing)發布數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)及應用(yong)場景供需清單。2022年(nian)8月，青島正式啟動公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)運營(ying)試(shi)點工作。近年(nian)來(lai)，青島在(zai)(zai)(zai)金(jin)融、商貿、交(jiao)通、醫療等(deng)領(ling)域建設應用(yong)場景，推動公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)與各行(xing)業相(xiang)融合，收(shou)到(dao)了(le)明(ming)(ming)顯成效(xiao)。比如，過去金(jin)融機構審批小(xiao)微企業貸款，需要(yao)(yao)耗(hao)時(shi)耗(hao)力(li)去核(he)查企業信息(xi)，還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)不(bu)準確(que)等(deng)問題。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)平(ping)臺上(shang)線后，借助“城(cheng)市云(yun)腦”的大數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)處理能(neng)(neng)力(li)，小(xiao)微企業最快15分(fen)鐘就能(neng)(neng)收(shou)到(dao)貸款。

　　讓公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)“活(huo)”起來(lai)(lai)(lai)，還要加(jia)強(qiang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，優化市場生態(tai)。如今，我們已(yi)在(zai)(zai)眾多(duo)領域感受到(dao)大(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)便利(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)營之后，各類數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)將進(jin)一(yi)步整合(he)，帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)更(geng)大(da)便利(li)(li)，也(ye)可(ke)能埋下更(geng)多(duo)隱患。很多(duo)人已(yi)體(ti)驗過“大(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)殺熟”，假(jia)如不能保(bao)護好(hao)個人隱私，公(gong)(gong)眾就可(ke)能徹底淪為“透明人”。所以，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開放必(bi)須做好(hao)脫(tuo)敏處理(li)，成為更(geng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產品(pin)與(yu)服務(wu)后，再釋放給社會。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)營還是一(yi)個生態(tai)系(xi)統，就像一(yi)片(pian)“數(shu)林”，所有(you)利(li)(li)益(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)關者，將共(gong)(gong)(gong)同決定(ding)這個生態(tai)系(xi)統的(de)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，必(bi)須立好(hao)規矩(ju)。目前，上海(hai)、浙江等多(duo)地已(yi)圍(wei)繞公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開放進(jin)行了立法。此次，青島也(ye)在(zai)(zai)《青島市公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)營試點突破(po)攻堅方案》中明確(que)提到(dao)，“探(tan)索(suo)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)立法，規范公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采集、管理(li)與(yu)應用等工作”。另外，在(zai)(zai)日常工作中，也(ye)要讓相(xiang)(xiang)關部(bu)門有(you)足夠的(de)壓力和動力，來(lai)(lai)(lai)推進(jin)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開放和運(yun)營，以確(que)保(bao)高(gao)效和安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)可(ke)控(kong)。

　　公(gong)共數(shu)據運(yun)營試點是一(yi)項突破(po)性、創新性工作，既要(yao)按下“快進(jin)鍵(jian)”，也要(yao)系好(hao)“安全帶”。我們有(you)(you)理由相信，不斷深化改革、先行先試的青島，有(you)(you)能(neng)力進(jin)一(yi)步釋放數(shu)據生產力潛(qian)能(neng)，走出(chu)一(yi)條(tiao)獨具特色(se)的數(shu)據市場(chang)發展之路。