（文(wen)章來(lai)源：新(xin)華網）

▲車輛行駛通過貴(gui)黃(huang)高速(su)上寨樞紐（5月31日(ri)攝(she)，無人(ren)機照片）。新華(hua)社記者 陶亮(liang) 攝(she)

　　近(jin)日，中辦、國辦印發的《鄉(xiang)村(cun)建設(she)(she)行動實(shi)施方案》（以下簡稱“方案”）正式對外公布(bu)。方案提出，實(shi)施數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)建設(she)(she)發展(zhan)工程。推進數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)技(ji)術與(yu)農村(cun)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)深度融合，持續開展(zhan)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)試點(dian)(dian)。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)建設(she)(she)建什么(me)？怎么(me)建？誰(shui)來(lai)建？就這些熱點(dian)(dian)問題，思客綜(zong)合“三農”領域權威專家觀點(dian)(dian)解析(xi)。

為何要推進數字鄉村建設？

　　張紅宇（清(qing)華大學中國農村研究院副院長）：當(dang)手機成為(wei)新(xin)(xin)農具，直播成為(wei)新(xin)(xin)農活(huo)，數(shu)據繼(ji)土(tu)地、勞動力、資(zi)本、技(ji)術等傳統(tong)要(yao)(yao)素后，成為(wei)鄉(xiang)村產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)一種新(xin)(xin)型生產要(yao)(yao)素。推動鄉(xiang)村產業(ye)(ye)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)，不僅可以讓數(shu)據流(liu)(liu)帶(dai)動資(zi)金流(liu)(liu)、技(ji)術流(liu)(liu)、人才流(liu)(liu)、物資(zi)流(liu)(liu)等向農村集聚，更能促進傳統(tong)農業(ye)(ye)生產、經營、交易的(de)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉型，為(wei)鄉(xiang)村產業(ye)(ye)振興帶(dai)來全(quan)新(xin)(xin)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)。

　　李春頂（中國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大學(xue)經(jing)濟(ji)管理學(xue)院教授）：在數字化(hua)轉型的時代(dai)浪潮中，用數字經(jing)濟(ji)賦能現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)，是(shi)下(xia)一(yi)階(jie)段的發展(zhan)重點，也(ye)是(shi)全(quan)面推進鄉村振興，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現代(dai)化(hua)發展(zhan)的關鍵。數字農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)使信息(xi)技術與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)各個環節實現有(you)效融合，對改造傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)方式(shi)具有(you)重要(yao)意義，其可以推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)高度專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)和規模化(hua)，構建完(wan)善的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)體(ti)系，并實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)教育(yu)、科研和推廣“三(san)位一(yi)體(ti)”，有(you)益于(yu)提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)效率，實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)化(hua)。

如何有效推進數字鄉村建設？

　　許世(shi)衛（中國農(nong)業(ye)科學(xue)院農(nong)業(ye)監測預警團隊首席科學(xue)家、研究員）：數(shu)字(zi)(zi)鄉村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)主要任(ren)務是加強農(nong)村(cun)信息基礎設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)，促進(jin)傳統(tong)基礎設(she)(she)施與(yu)數(shu)據(ju)元素的(de)(de)更(geng)多融合，加快(kuai)推進(jin)鄉村(cun)產(chan)業(ye)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)升(sheng)級，推動(dong)鄉村(cun)管理數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型。數(shu)字(zi)(zi)鄉村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)需要跨領域融合性技(ji)(ji)術和集成創(chuang)新應(ying)用技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐，急(ji)需突(tu)破(po)鄉村(cun)數(shu)據(ju)低成本精準獲取技(ji)(ji)術、數(shu)字(zi)(zi)鄉村(cun)天空地數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)底盤技(ji)(ji)術、鄉村(cun)場景精準管理技(ji)(ji)術、鄉村(cun)智能化(hua)傻瓜(gua)式(shi)應(ying)用系統(tong)與(yu)產(chan)品等關鍵技(ji)(ji)術。數(shu)字(zi)(zi)鄉村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)，是一項(xiang)長期(qi)的(de)(de)、艱巨的(de)(de)戰略(lve)性任(ren)務，需要努力(li)(li)實(shi)現技(ji)(ji)術、數(shu)據(ju)、產(chan)業(ye)、場景的(de)(de)深(shen)度融合，唯有如此，才能打牢數(shu)字(zi)(zi)鄉村(cun)基礎，為(wei)現代(dai)化(hua)農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)發展提供(gong)新的(de)(de)力(li)(li)量(liang)支(zhi)撐。

▲5月18日，在(zai)臨沂市蘭陵(ling)縣代(dai)村國家級現代(dai)農業示范園，工作人員(yuan)在(zai)打理蝴(hu)蝶(die)蘭。新華社記(ji)者 郭緒雷 攝(she)

　　李春(chun)頂（中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大學經濟管理學院教授）：在經濟發展(zhan)方面(mian)，要加快(kuai)推動種植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、畜牧業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、漁業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)領域數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化轉型，打造數(shu)字(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)用先進(jin)縣(xian)市和(he)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，爭取一批數(shu)字(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)試(shi)點建(jian)設(she)項目在各地(di)(di)落地(di)(di)實施(shi)，以(yi)村(cun)鎮為(wei)單位，形成可復制(zhi)可推廣的數(shu)字(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)典型模式，推進(jin)“三農(nong)(nong)”綜合信息服務，提升農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現代(dai)化經營水(shui)平。

　　在文化交(jiao)流方(fang)面，依靠數(shu)字平(ping)臺開發鄉(xiang)村(cun)文化創意產(chan)品(pin)，打造鄉(xiang)村(cun)文化品(pin)牌，提高村(cun)民(min)群眾的文化生活質(zhi)量，保(bao)護和傳承鄉(xiang)村(cun)各類(lei)非物質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)和民(min)間工藝。

　　在鄉(xiang)村治(zhi)理方面，利(li)用新媒體功能嘗試打造(zao)專屬微信(xin)群和公眾(zhong)號，以便(bian)村民及時充分地了解政(zheng)務信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、工(gong)程建(jian)設信(xin)息(xi)(xi)等，引(yin)導(dao)廣大村民積極參與(yu)到農業農村發展的討(tao)論(lun)話題，構建(jian)數字化監(jian)督平臺(tai)，使得信(xin)息(xi)(xi)獲取(qu)更加公開透明，提(ti)高鄉(xiang)村治(zhi)理決策(ce)的科學性(xing)。

如何培育數字鄉村建設人才？

　　張紅宇（清華大(da)學(xue)中國農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)研(yan)究(jiu)院副院長）：提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)民(min)的數字化理念和運用水平是(shi)促進鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)產業數字化發展的必要保障。但從現實情(qing)況(kuang)看，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)互聯網使用率還不(bu)夠高，鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)數字化復合(he)型人才不(bu)足；大(da)部分農(nong)(nong)業經營主體文化程(cheng)度不(bu)高，數字素養(yang)總體偏低。

　　當下應著力提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)民(min)數(shu)字(zi)素養，應當結合農(nong)(nong)村(cun)生產生活實際，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)民(min)群眾開展(zhan)手機應用(yong)、網上辦事、電商物(wu)流、直播帶貨(huo)等數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)新(xin)理(li)念(nian)、新(xin)技術、新(xin)應用(yong)培(pei)訓(xun)，進(jin)一步(bu)提(ti)高(gao)他們的(de)(de)參與(yu)度和獲得感，讓他們更好享受(shou)數(shu)字(zi)時代的(de)(de)發展(zhan)紅利。

　　鄭潔（重慶郵電大學馬克思主義學院(yuan)副院(yuan)長）：一是不(bu)斷豐富農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)生活價值內涵，注重構(gou)建知識更新、創(chuang)新驅動的數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)素養(yang)與技能(neng)(neng)培育(yu)體系(xi)，培養(yang)具有(you)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)意識、計(ji)算思維的數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)。二(er)是加快實(shi)施新型(xing)職(zhi)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)培育(yu)工(gong)程。各級政府發揮作用，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)提供(gong)在線(xian)培訓(xun)服務，培養(yang)造就一支愛農(nong)(nong)(nong)業、懂技術、善經(jing)(jing)營的新型(xing)職(zhi)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)隊伍；采(cai)取切實(shi)可行(xing)的措施鼓勵人(ren)才下鄉(xiang)，多渠(qu)道(dao)、多形式參與數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)；加強對農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)干部、新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)(jing)營主體以及廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)技能(neng)(neng)培訓(xun)，切實(shi)提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)水平和(he)能(neng)(neng)力，更好助力數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)。三是加速(su)推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)職(zhi)業轉(zhuan)換和(he)身(shen)份轉(zhuan)換。抓住數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)發展的重要(yao)窗口期(qi)，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)斷加強學習，成為(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)代有(you)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)創(chuang)新、敢(gan)創(chuang)業、懂管理、善經(jing)(jing)營的“數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)人(ren)”。